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Showing posts with label GM. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GM. Show all posts

Pontiac’s Plans: New Solstice Coupe in 2009, new G5 in 2010

GM wants to push Pontiac as the “affordable performance” brand with a new line of rear-wheel-drive cars.


Pontiac gets ready to launch the new high-performance 2008 Pontiac G8 it battles CAFE fuel-economy standards.

So what’s going on at Pontiac? Well the 2008 Pontiac G8, which will be the first car in the US to use GM’s Zeta rear-wheel-drive platform, will go on sale in January of 2008. The base model of the Pontiac G8 will have a 3.6 liter V6 engine with 261 horsepower while the higher GT model will have a 6.0 liter V8 which will produce 362 horsepower.

The Pontiac G5 will get a redesign in 2009 while the G6 is slated for a redesign in 2012. GM originally wanted the next-generation G6 to debut in 2010, but with Pontiac moving to the rear-wheel-drive platform, the date has been changed.

Pontiac’s Solstice will get a fastback coupe variant for the 2009 model year and a higher-horsepower engine. The car will be redesigned and re-engineered in the 2011 model year.

A new high-performance coupe is on the cards that will be the successor to GTO and the Firebird. No time has being discussed as of yet. The Torrent will be dropped from the Pontiac line and will be added to GMC as a new crossover.
(C)eGMCT

Plug-In Hybrids a Solution to Global Warming

The first major analysis of the potential impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles has found the widespread adoption of such cars and trucks would dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States and improve air quality.

By 2050, plug-in hybrids, or PHEVS, could eliminate 450 million metric tons of CO2 annually - the equivalent of taking 82.5 million conventional cars, or a third of the nation's current fleet - off the road. That would also cut oil consumption by nearly 4 million barrels a day. Assuming PHEVs hit the market by 2010, and depending on sales of the cars, the total reduction in greenhouse gases by 2050 would 3.4 to 10.3 billion metric tons, according to the study conducted by the non-profit Electric Power Research Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council. The study was based on sophisticated computer modeling of the U.S. power grid and transportation system.

"What we’re talking about today is potentially a very, very large effect," said John Bryson, CEO of utility giant Edison International (EIX), during a press conference in Washington, D.C. this morning. Utilities like Edison, PG&E (PCG) and Austin Energy have taken the lead in pushing automakers to get in gear on plug-in hybrids.

Even if plug-in hybrids become the dominant form of transportation they would only spike electricity demand by five to eight percent, researchers said, because most car owners probably will charge their vehicles at night when power plants are idle or under-utilized. The study's computer models considered various scenarios, from a high CO2-intensive grid to a greener one as well as plug-in hybrids with varying ranges and sales. But even if plug-in hybrids made up only 20 percent of the nation's vehicle fleet in 2050 and the electric grid remained relatively dirty, greenhouse gas emissions would still decline by some 163 million metric tons annually.

The impact of plug-in hybrids on global warming will depend on the electric system, noted NRDC scientist Dan Lashof. "The key to utilizing plug-in hybrids is a cleaner power grid," he said. The greener the grid, the greater the greenhouse gas reductions as coal-fired power plants are displaced by renewable energy or begin to deploy technology to capture their CO2 emissions.

General Motors (GM) executive Tony Posawatz brought a plug-in Chevrolet Volt concept car to the press conference. The automaker is designing the Volt to run primarily on battery power and use other alternative fuels to extend its range. "We at General Motors are certainly very interested in this study," said Posawatz. "The potential for plug-ins, I think everyone recognizes, is tremendous."
(C)B2

2007 Mazda MX-5 Miata Test Drive

The Mazda Miata has become the best-selling roadster of all time since its debut in the early 1990s. It’s also the car that helped rekindle a waning interest in convertibles.


MSRP: $20,585 - $26,520

History aside, sports-car fans are always looking for the latest toy. Keeping the Mazda fresh hasn’t been easy — especially when those latest toys are the newer, flashier Pontiac Solstice and Saturn Sky.

To hold folks’ interest, the Miata — now officially called the MX-5 — received a complete redesign for the 2006 model year. That update was successful; it boosted power, style and handling for this ever-delightful machine.

For 2007, Mazda literally caps the new car off with a groundbreaking new option: A retractable hardtop.

What’s so groundbreaking about that? While every other model with a retractable hardtop loses significant luggage space when the top is stowed, the Miata’s ingenious roof doesn’t steal one inch of cargo area.

Top up or down, the hard-top Miata has the same 5.3 cubic feet of trunk space as the standard soft-top model — not huge, but enough to swallow a full cart of groceries, or weekend luggage for driver and passenger. Its reasonable $1,700 premium over the soft-top model also gives it the distinction of being the lowest-cost retractable hardtop convertible on the market.

Add the zesty, fun-to-drive spirit the Miata is justly known for, and the retractable hardtop gives roadster fans a great reason to revisit this little Mazda.

Exterior

With the MX-5, you either appreciate its classic, British-influenced shape, or the styling strikes you as “been there, done that.” For the former group — especially those who live in cold-winter zones — the retractable hardtop adds security and convenience without detracting much from the car’s handsome, simple design.

The most noticeable change is the slightly larger and taller rear deck lid, with a creased bulge to make room for the folded top. Designers worked to make that crease as gentle as possible, and for the most part it keeps your eye from lingering too long. The deck lid is aluminum, rather than the soft-top’s steel, which makes it easier to manufacture the complex shape.

The elegantly designed top works like a clamshell, with the glass rear window sandwiched between two metal sections when the top is stowed. The hardtop MX-5 is four-tenths of an inch taller, and the top adds about 80 pounds to the vehicle’s weight, taking it to about 2,450 pounds.

Flip a single release lever above the windshield, press a dashboard button, and the top raises or stows neatly in just 12 seconds. As noted, the top tucks into the same amount of space behind the seats as in the soft-top version, leaving the trunk completely free for your gear.

That gives the Mazda an enormous practical advantage over its Pontiac Solstice and Saturn Sky rivals. Even after enduring the cumbersome, multi-step process of their manual tops — which requires climbing out of the car, wrestling the top down and swinging the deck lid shut — the Solstice and Sky don’t leave enough trunk space for a lousy gym bag. With them, you’re virtually limited to a toothbrush and bathing suit for a weekend getaway, unless you’re willing to drive with the top up and drop off luggage when you arrive.

The Mazda MX-5 Miata hardtop also adds a slightly larger rear window, along with chrome bands around the grille and door handles. As in soft-top versions, a plastic wind deflector folds up behind the seats to quell some of the top-down wind turbulence in the cabin.

A $1,145 appearance package adds more-aggressive body cladding, including a front air dam and skirts on the sides and rear.

Interior

As you’d expect from such a tiny car, the Mazda’s cockpit is an intimate chamber for two. Legroom is quite good, though drivers with very tall torsos may find the car’s headroom too restrictive. This new-generation model has grown about two inches overall, adding fractionally more head- and legroom, along with an extra two inches of fore-and-aft seat adjustment.

A sporty three-spoke, tilt-function steering wheel fronts a set of simple, black-and-white gauges that glow red at night. A strip of “piano black” plastic trim covers the dash. Seats are firm and offer excellent lateral support for hard driving.

On the road, the Mazda is decidedly quieter with the top up than its soft-top twin.

Storage spaces are well organized for such a small car: There are four cup holders, including two in the doors that accept water bottles; a good-sized glove box; plus a lockable storage cubby in the bulkhead behind the seats. And when the top is raised, the hollowed-out space behind the seats can swallow a briefcase and other small items.

Three trim levels are available: Sport, Touring and Grand Touring. The Touring edition adds a six-speed manual transmission (up from five speeds in the Sport); 17-inch alloy wheels; a leather-wrapped shifter; cruise control; power door locks; remote keyless entry; fog lamps and steering-wheel audio controls. The Grand Touring model adds a seven-speaker Bose audio system, leather seats and faux-leather door trim. That leather is best chosen in black; the so-called “saddle leather” veers too close to burnt orange for our tastes.

An optional premium package ($1,250) adds electronic stability control, keyless entry, Xenon headlamps and an alarm system.

Performance

Whether hardtop or soft, the Mazda MX-5 remains among the most fun-to-drive cars around — regardless of price. It’s light, peppy and always eager to race, with a double-wishbone suspension and a seamless blend of steering, brakes and shifter.

The ride is firm but quite tolerable by sports-car standards. Driven against the substantially heavier Pontiac or Saturn roadsters, the Mazda delivers superior performance by virtually any measure. The 2.0-liter, 166-hp engine (163 hp in automatic-transmission versions) feels stronger, smoother and much quicker to rev than the GM convertibles’ lackluster four-cylinder. The steering is more lively, the handling more agile. The ultra-smooth shifter remains a benchmark for this type of car.

True believers will naturally choose the manual-transmission, though the solid six-speed automatic version does feature paddle shifters on the steering wheel for manual gear changes. Mileage is excellent for a sports car, estimated by the EPA at 22 mpg city/27 mpg highway with the five-speed manual, 21 mpg city/ 28 mpg highway with the manual six-speed and 20 mpg city/28 mpg highway for the automatic.

To maintain that sharp handling despite its added weight and slightly higher center of gravity, the hardtop model includes minor adjustments like firmer shock absorbers and rear springs, and a slightly larger anti-roll bar. Hardcore drivers are well advised to drop $500 on the sport suspension package, which adds even-firmer Bilstein shock absorbers and a limited-slip differential that helps prevent wheel spin under hard acceleration. Run-flat tires with a pressure monitor add $515.

Certainly, there are faster, flashier cars than the MX-5 Miata. But more than 15 years after its debut, this Mazda still provides more open-air enjoyment, refinement and performance than any sports car in its price range.
(C)Forbes, Lawrence Ulrich

Big 3 dragging heels on fuel economy

Car companies not reacting quickly enough to increasing fuel prices and consumer demand, Consumer Federation says.

Despite losing sales to Japanese car companies, auto manufacturers, particularly U.S.-based manufacturers, have been slow to respond consumer demands for better fuel economy, according to a report released Tuesday by the Consumer Federation of America.

The report, citing data on sales and on new model introductions over the past several years, concludes that more stringent average fuel economy regulations are needed to push General Motors, Ford and Chrysler competitiveness in the burgeoning small-car market.

"During the past ten years, as gas prices have gone up, the number of models (trims) with 30 mpg or higher has gone down," the report says.

The CFA report counts 61 models available with mpg's greater than 30 in 1998 compared to 46 in 2007. That represents a shift from 8 percent of available models in 1998 to 4 percent today.

Meanwhile, according to the report, the number of models getting less than 30 mpg has gone up from 746 in 1998 to 1083 in 2007. That represents a change from 92 percent of available vehicles in 1998 to 96 percent today.

As gas prices increased between 2000 and 2005, Asian manufacturers improved the fuel economy of 68 percent of their most popular models while Detroit-based manufactures improved the fuel economy of only 48 percent of theirs. Meanwhile, fuel economy actually got worse for 52 percent of the most popular domestic models, while it declined for only 32 percent of the most popular Asian imports, according to the release.

U.S.-based auto manufacturers have also suffered a decline in sales over the past three years that, according to the CFA's analysis, can be tied directly to the increasing popularity of more fuel-efficient compact and small SUVs while Detroit manufacturers have continued to emphasize large trucks and SUVs.

"By passing a strong [Corporate Average Fuel Economy] requirement, without loopholes, Congress will be providing a blueprint to help the 'Big 3' become competitive again by building the vehicles that the American consumer really wants."

There is currently a proposal in Congress to increase the required average fuel economy for all passenger vehicles to 35 miles per gallon by 2020.

Rather than waiting for car manufacturers to respond to market pressures, congress should force them to act, said Jack Gillis, a spokesman for the CFA.

"If we don't make them change soon, they're probably going to kill themselves," said Gillis, "and we don't want that to happen."

General Motors counters that the CFA's analysis favors the Japanese manufacturers, such as Toyota and Honda, by focusing on percentage of available models.

"It just so happens the Detroit manufacturers are happy to be full-line manufacturers," said Greg Martin, a GM spokesman. "unlike Honda which is content with a very specific segment of the market."

A "full-line manufacturer" is one that competes in all market segments from small cars to large trucks and SUVs.

General Motors sells 24 models that get 30 miles per gallon or better, said Martin, compared to 12 for Toyota and six for Honda.

"They should be embarrassed," Martin said of the CFA. "The report is bereft of any intellectual or academic rigor."
(C)CNN

Big Brother can save you money

Car insurers explore ways to track drivers so they know whom they can charge less.

A new discount plan from GMAC Insurance gives a discount on premiums to drivers of General Motors vehicles with the OnStar service if they let the insurer track the number of miles they drive.

Other companies have been experimenting with similar programs, which is causing concern about how much privacy drivers may unwittingly give up in exchange for savings.

OnStar is a program built into most newer GM vehicles that allows occupants to communicate with a help-desk operator.

Among the services are travel directions and restaurant reservations. An OnStar call can also be initiated automatically in the event of a crash to get help quickly. OnStar subscribers can also get a monthly diagnostic email detailing any needed maintenance or potential problems for their car.

The only information OnStar would share with GMAC insurance, both companies said, would be the number of miles driven each month. GMAC would use that information to help it calculate risk. Drivers must enroll in the OnStar Vehicle Diagnostics service to get the discount.

"I wouldn't really consider that to be particularly invasive," said Paul Stephens, director of policy and advocacy for the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. According to him, it's data that is commonly given out that doesn't dig very deeply into a driver's habits.

The biggest discount of 54 percent would go to those who drive fewer than 2,500 miles per year. The smallest discount of 13 percent would go to those who drive between 12,501 and 15,000 miles per year. No discount would go to those who drive more than 15,000 miles per year.

The plan will be available in 34 states, but will roll out in more states next year, the company said. OnStar currently claims over 5 million total subscribers

GMAC Insurance has been offering the discount on a test basis since January, 2004. So far, according to the company, 10,000 people have signed on.

GMAC Insurance, which is 49 percent owned by General Motors, insures all types of cars, not just GM cars, the company said, but this program would only be available to GM drivers.

Others testing the waters
Progressive Insurance offers a similar program in a few states. It's called TripSense, and it requires participants to plug a computer chip into a port in the the car's dashboard.

The chip collects data, including the number of miles driven and time of day when the vehicles is driven. Participants remove the chip on a regular basis and connect it to a computer to upload the data to Progressive's computers. In exchange, they receive discounts of as much as 25 percent on their insurance premiums, according to the company.

Adding time of day invites the potential for unforeseen uses of the data, according to Stephens. For example, the information might could be subpoenaed in a divorce case to prove that someone was taking a few extra trips that weren't being divulged to his or her spouse.

"I saved $100 on my auto insurance, but I've got a pretty damning piece of evidence here that can be used against me and cost me tens of thousands of dollars," Stephens said.

Progressive also collects data about vehicle speed, acceleration and braking, but that information is used only for research purposes, the company said, and it would not be used to set rates, or as a basis for canceling a policy.

These discount programs are voluntary. As long as consumers understand fully what data is being collected and how it's being used, it's up to them to decide how much information they're comfortable with sharing to save money, said Stephens.

The GMAC/OnStar announcement may spur larger insurers to begin experimenting with programs like these soon, said Brian Sullivan, publisher of insurance industry newsletter Risk Information.

Spokesmen for State Farm and Allstate said their companies are looking into it.

Keep on Truckin
Data-tracking discount programs that collect and analyze even more detailed data than those used by GMAC and Progressive, are already used by the commercial trucking business, according to Sullivan.

Customer acceptance is less of an issue there because the customers aren't the drivers but the trucking company owners who share the insurance company's interest in regulating and tracking driver behavior, said Sullivan.

"The nice thing about truckers," he said, "is if you can make them pee in a cup you can make them do anything."

Programs like that will provide more information about how much impact various data points should have on computing insurance risk and, therefore, premiums, said Sullivan.

And they actually change the way truck drivers operate their vehicles, said Sullivan. When truck drivers are told they are being tracked, as opposed to when they are tracked without their knowledge, they drive more carefully, Sullivan said.

"If everyone had this device on their car," he said, "we'd have far fewer accidents on the road."
(C)Peter Valdes-Dapena

Crash test is pain in the neck for car makers

Some car companies - even those that have "Top Safety Pick Awards" from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety - say its rear impact protection test doesn't reflect reality, and that its methods force auto makers into a one-size-fits-all solution.

The institute's rear impact test, which was developed in conjunction with auto safety groups around the world, is supposed to show how well a car protects you from whiplash in case of a rear collision.

While whiplash may not seem like much, it's a big deal if you suffer from it - the pain is severe and can last for weeks or months. And it's a really big deal if you're running an insurance company. Whiplash claims cost them $8.5 billion every year, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Two years ago, the institute begin giving out "Top Safety Pick" awards for car, SUV and van models that get its top rating of "Good" for front side and rear impact protection. Winning car companies even get an actual trophy.

But getting a top grade for front and side impact protection, where poor performance means an increased likelihood of death, isn't enough to win the prize. Autos have to protect against whiplash too.

Cars that have earned the institute's "Top Safety Pick" award include the 2008 Ford Taurus, the Volvo C70 convertible and Hyundai Entourage minivan.

But some cars that get top "Good" ratings for both front and side impact crash ratings, including the BMW 3-series and the Toyota Camry and Avalon, still get "Poor" ratings for rear impact protection.

The Insurance Institute's rear impact safety test has two parts. The first simply measures the seat to determine the relationship between the seat back and head restraint, which is commonly known as a headrest.

Only seats with a headrest that's located and shaped to prevent the head from moving back in a crash even get to go on to the actual "impact" test. If not, the seat automatically gets a "Poor" or "Marginal" rating.

Seats that get an "Acceptable" or "Good" rating - the institute's two best ratings - are then mounted on a moving platform, and a crash test dummy is seatbelted in pace. A puff of compressed air sends the sled forward in a sudden movement to mimic the impact of a car traveling at 20 miles per hour.

Automakers object to these tests for two reasons. The first is that the Institute crash-tests seats once using a single average-sized crash test dummy. Car companies say they test their seats using dummies of various sizes.

"General Motors designs its head restraints to meet a variety of driver sizes rather than focusing on a single set of metrics," GM said in a statement regarding recent rear impact tests on SUVs, trucks and vans. "Head restraints are part of the integrated approach to occupant protection in all GM vehicles."

The Institute counters that, in real life, people rarely adjust their head restraints, usually leaving them in the lowest position no matter how tall they are. In an impact test, however, the institute does move the headrest to the proper height for the dummy. At worst, said Institute president Adrian Lund, it still replicates a situation that's probably safer for occupants than real life.

Some car companies object to the fact that the "impact" test is conducted using a sled rather than a real car being hit by another real car.

"Impact absorbing structures on Toyota vehicles play a major role in helping to effectively absorb impact energy in the event of a front, side or rear collision," said Toyota in a statement. "When performing the rear crash dynamic test, the IIHS procedure does not take the whole vehicle into account."

Crashing real cars is expensive, though, and the Institute wrecks many real cars for front and side impact crash tests. In the rear impact protection test, said Lund, the jet of air that briefly rockets the sled forward is precisely programmed, from the rate of acceleration to the way the sled stops, to emulate the movement of a vehicle's passenger compartment during a 20 mile-per-hour rear hit.

In the end, the Institute insists, its rear impact test is just as good as crashing real cars, which shows in reduced whiplash claims for occupants with "Good" seats.

"Of all the safety devices in our vehicle," said Russ Rader, a spokesman for the Insurance Institute, "you are more likely to need a good head restraint than an airbag"
(C)CNN

Ford To Extend Clearance Sale, GM Upgrades Truck Deals

Ford Motor Co. said Monday it would extend its 2007 model year clearance sale through Aug. 31 and General Motors Corp. said it will enhance deals on 2007 full-size pickup trucks through July 31 as both auto makers look to boost retail sales.

Ford is looking to increase the momentum on retail sales it saw in June, while GM is re-adjusting its incentives after posting a surprising 21% decline in June sales.

GM's incentive spending was down by an average of $700 a vehicle in June and the auto maker's sales manager said last week he was surprised at the level of June incentive spending by competitors, specifically Toyota Motor Corp.

GM will offer either up to $2,000 in cash or reduced financing rates, including 0% for 36 months, on its 2007 full-size pickup trucks in the north- central and northeast regions. Customers in the south-central, southeast and western regions can receive either $1,500 in cash or reduced financing, including 3.9% for 36 months.

On extended and crew cab versions of the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra, GM is offering either up to $2,000 in cash or reduced financing, including 0% for 36 months, in all regions. California customers can get 0% financing for 60 months.

In GM's deals, customers cannot stack cash with the reduced financing.

GM also is enhancing its lease pull-ahead deals with up to 6 months waived for current GMC Envoy, Chevrolet TrailBlazer, Buick Rainier, Chevrolet Equinox and Pontiac Torrent contracts if the customer buys or leases a 2007 model year TrailBlazer, Envoy or Rainier through GMAC.

For the past 18 months, GM has worked to lessen its reliance on incentives, such as discounts and low financing programs in order to boost its profitability and improve the resale value of its new vehicles.

But GM sales manager Paul Ballew said last week that the auto maker would evaluate its discounts on trucks after a down June and competitors "flailing away" on incentive spending. Toyota was offering 0% financing for 60 months or more than $3,000 in discounts on its new Tundra pickup truck.

Despite the adjustment, GM said it will stick to its incentive strategy and use targeted, tactical deals.

Ford's new deal, which originally was scheduled to end Monday, offers 0% financing for 36 months on all 2007 Ford, Lincoln and Mercury vehicles.

Buyers of 2007 Ford, Lincoln and Mercury trucks and SUVs also will receive an additional $2,007 in bonus cash. The bonus cash offer doesn't apply to the Ford Edge, Freestyle E-series vans or the Lincoln MKX.

The move comes as Ford reported an 8.1% decline in June U.S. sales from a year ago due to a decline in fleet sales, most notably to car rental companies.

Sales of trucks, its most profitable vehicles, were up 2.9% in June, though car sales were down 25%. Overall, retail sales for Ford, Lincoln and Mercury vehicles were up in June for the first time since October 2006.

"The model year clearance event has generate a lot of excitement and we're extending it to continue the momentum even further," said spokeswoman Lydia Cisaruk.

Stabilizing its retail market share is a key part of Ford's turnaround plan. Faced with heavy losses in North America, the auto maker has been idling plants and offering buyouts to thousands of workers.

In late trading Ford shares were unchanged from the Monday close of $9.08, down 3 cents, on volume of 53 million compared with average daily volume of 38.7 million.

Shares of GM were unchanged in late trading from Monday's close of $36.77, up 28 cents on volume of 15.3 million.
(C)Terry Kosdrosky, Dow Jones Newswires

Discounts: GM rolls out new incentives

Automaker says it will extend perks until the end of July, including zero-percent financing on pickup trucks.

General Motors Corp said Monday it is extending a range of sales incentives including zero-percent finance offers on pickup trucks starting Tuesday and running through the rest of July.

GM, which reported a 24-percent drop in U.S. sales in June, said dealers will be notified of the new incentive program Monday evening.

The sale offers also include some subsidies for existing GM lease customers trading in older vehicles for 2007 models, including the Envoy and Rainier, the automaker said.
(C)CNN

Ford teams up to test plug-in hybrids

Auto manufacturer and utility Southern California Edison will work together to test up to 20 rechargeable vehicles.

Ford Motor Co said Monday it would test a fleet of rechargeable hybrids with utility Southern California Edison in a partnership that environmental advocates said underscores the growing interest in vehicles capable of running with little gasoline.

Ford Chief Executive Alan Mulally and John Bryson, chief executive of Edison International, unveiled plans for the alliance at Edison International's headquarters in suburban Los Angeles Monday.

Mulally said Monday he expects the company to sell plug-in hybrids in five to 10 years.

"Within five to 10 years we will start to see this technology in our hands," Mulally on the sidelines of a press event to announce an alliance between Ford and utility Southern California Edison to test 20 rechargeable electric vehicles.

When asked if that meant plug-in hybrids would be available on showroom floors, Mulally said, "Yes. Sure."

Mulally said the rollout of Ford plug-in hybrids is dependent on advancements to lithium ion batteries that will be charged by the car's owners using regular household electrical outlets.

He declined to give a more precise production target, saying: "I can't go further than that. We will know a lot more in the next few years."

The comments were the first time Ford has offered a timeline for producing plug-in hybrids.

Under the research partnership, researchers from Southern California Edison and Ford will work together in "real world" testing of up to 20 plug-in hybrid vehicles, Ford spokesman John Clinard said.

Ford said it would provide the utility company with a fleet of 2008 Ford Escape Hybrid sport utility vehicles that would be benchmarked for performance.

The Escape Hybrids would then be engineered by Ford in cooperation with a battery company partner yet to be named to make the vehicle capable of being plugged in.

Like other gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles currently on the market, the Ford Escape Hybrid's batteries are charged by the SUV's gasoline engine as well as by from energy captured during braking.

Plug-in hybrids can also charge their batteries by plugging into an electrical outlet. That could allow them to make little or no use of gasoline power several miles after batteries were fully charged.

The No. 2 U.S. automaker, which lost $12.6 billion last year, became the first U.S. car maker to introduce a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle - the Escape - in 2004.

Faced with declining U.S. market share, Ford later backed off ambitious sales targets for hybrids and was criticized by environmental advocates for having lost momentum in the race to develop alternatives to combustion engines.

Ford's move to test plug-in hybrids was welcomed by environmental groups, which have often targeted the automaker for its poor fuel economy record.

"Ford, a company that was previously dead last in fleet-wide fuel efficiency for all major automakers, appears to be turning a corner with this announcement," environmental group Friends of the Earth regional policy director Danielle Fugere said in a statement.

Environmental advocates, particularly in California, have been pressing automakers to roll out plug-in vehicles capable of running solely on electricity for short distances and recharging at a standard electric outlet.

"Consumers have been waiting a long time for an automaker to offer the next generation of ultra-fuel-efficient, gasoline-optional cars," said environmental groups Rainforest Action Network and Global Exchange Campaign in response to Ford's announcement.

Ford will initially work exclusively with Southern California Electric to develop the testing procedures but did not rule out working with other partners in the future.

"As Ford's plug-in hybrid program grows, the automaker will look for broader participation as it develops a business model not just for Southern California, but potentially nationwide," Ford said in a statement.

Larger competitor General Motors Corp. has already begun development work this year on its own plug-in hybrid car. GM showed off a concept version of the Chevrolet Volt in January and has signed contracts with two battery companies to research batteries for a possible production version.

Electric utility Southern California Edison serves about 5 million electricity customers in the Los Angeles region and parts of California's coast and Central Valley. It is a subsidiary of Edison International.
(C)CNN

2007 GMC Yukon Denali Test Drive

A Truck for Car Lovers
MSRP: $36,460 - $47,780

General Motors' latest line of full-size SUVs, including the GMC Yukon Denali, impresses with refinement and comfort. The question remains, how badly do you need a hefty truck that guzzles fuel?


Overview

The all-new ’07 Yukon Denali is part of General Motors’ brave new world of full-size, big-engine SUVs, which are stubbornly coming to market while gas prices continue to push past an average of $2.50 a gallon. Critics deride the troubled corporation for being out of step with the times, but GM is convinced that the market for such brutes will continue to flourish.

At 750,000 units a year, full-size SUVs account for about 4.4 percent of U.S. passenger-vehicle sales, and the theory is that there will always be plenty of buyers who feel they absolutely require the capability to carry at least half a dozen people in comfort, plus at least some baggage, while towing a big boat, travel trailer, race car or rolling livestock.

We’ll see whether GM is right, but meanwhile, there’s no denying that the Yukon Denali is an outstanding vehicle. I have no more use for a truck than I do for a walk-in refrigerator, but the Denali is so good it could change my mind.

The Yukon Denali is the best all-around, full-size SUV I’ve ever driven: luxurious, roomy, comfortable, smooth, whisper-quiet, surprisingly car-like, and at 380 hp, more powerful than anything but exotic super cars, top-tier German sedans with V12 engines and the 403-hp Cadillac Escalade with which the Yukon shares much of its makeup,

Whether it’s worth a $13,100 premium over the straight Yukon is questionable, but that considerable wad of money does buy you a new unique-to-the-Denali 6.2-liter, all-aluminum V8 engine; a new six-speed automatic transmission with a useful “manual” shift mode; a leather, luxurious interior; several nice standard power features; and some minor external embellishments such as the distinctive perforated “chrome” grille (in fact, electroplated plastic).

A 20-inch-longer Denali XL is also available, and in 2008, there will be Yukons (though not a Denali) with a two-mode hybrid system for 25 percent better fuel economy.

The salient characteristic of a full-size SUV is three rows of real seats — little third-row jump seats don’t make the cut. If you want to fly coach in a Denali, all three rows can be three-seat benches rather than bucket seats, for a total of nine passengers.

The first-class configuration would have individual seats (called “bucket seats”) all around, for a total of six, and business class might include a single bench in the middle or rearmost row, your choice.

All are relatively roomy. The third row is intended for youngsters or short-trip adult use, but it’s not the penalty box you find in some SUVs. The middle row is comfortable and spacious in every dimension, with its own set of climate controls and optional seat heaters.

There’s also an optional Panasonic DVD player with a drop-down screen for backseaters. If the shifter is in park, Dad can watch the movie on the dashboard nav-display screen while the family is at Foot Locker buying a round of new Nikes.

It’s possible to reach the rearmost seats by squirming between the two middle bucket seats, if that’s the chosen configuration, but it’s even easier to push a button on the rear roof pillar or on the driver’s overhead control panel, to make either middle seat automatically power-fold forward to allow an unobstructed clamber into the third row.

The rearmost seats manually fold forward for increased luggage space but don’t disappear into the floor, like on some SUVs and minivans. Instead, they can be removed entirely with relative ease: Each seat has a suitcase-like handle and a firm tug releases the seat from its locks so you can trundle it into the garage.

The powered and heated front seats are, of course, the thrones, amply sized for the biggest butts and with an electrically adjustable pedal cluster to compensate for short drivers. The steering wheel both tilts and telescopes manually.

All three rows of seats have side-curtain airbags that deploy from above to cushion impacts as well as guard against the deadliest of rollover dangers, the ejection of unbelted passengers from the vehicle.

It doesn’t take long to notice that the level of interior-trim refinement — the quality of the materials, the nuances of tightly seamed panels and pieces, the attention to soft-touch switchgear and detailing — is substantially higher than what you might have come to expect from GM vehicles. “We’ve finally learned how to make a black plastic interior look good, like the Europeans do,” one GMC engineer said. “Stuff like that we’ve fought with for awhile now.”

The result of the bout is apparent, and welcome.

Performance

The all-wheel-drive GMC Yukon Denali is a nearly-three-ton truck that in many respects handles like a tall, powerful car. Much of the initial engineering of the new series of full-size GM SUVs involved lowering the core structure and its center of gravity, and widening the track (the side-to-side distance between each set of wheels) for greater stability. Open the Yukon Denali’s hood and you’ll see that the big engine is mounted both low and rearward, toward the vehicle’s center of gravity with as much of it as possible below the front-seat occupants.

The new six-speed transmission makes seamless shifts, both up and down, with the tachometer needle virtually the only indication that you’ve changed gears. The transmission can be controlled manually via a shift-up/shift-down rocker switch on the column-mounted shifter stalk. It’s an odd location; such controls are usually either on the steering wheel or controlled by a console-mounted shift lever between the front seats, but it works just fine. This is hardly a sports car that demands both hands on the wheel as you drift through corners, and you’ll mainly use the manual mode while fine-tuning a trailer-towing situation.

The ’07 Yukon Denali’s nicely weighted and communicative steering is a new rack-and-pinion system instead of the previous generation’s recirculating-ball unit. Recirculating-ball steering is beefy, powerful and a bit numb, but has typically been used in trucks for exactly those reasons. Rack-and-pinion is simple and precise, providing excellent steering feel and feedback — which is why you’ll find it on Porsches, Ferraris and every other car with good-handling pretensions. Hydraulic power assist makes it adaptable to a vehicle as heavy as a Yukon Denali.

At 105 mph, where a speed limiter steps in, the Yukon Denali felt solid and stable, at least in a straight line. At an enthusiastic 60 and 70 mph on smooth, gently curving country roads, the big Yukon feels like a far smaller vehicle. At least it does until you try the brakes aggressively, which is when it becomes apparent that 5,500 pounds might stop on a silver dollar, but never a dime.

Did You Know …

• Depending on who’s doing the translating, Denali means “great one,” “high one” or “big one” in the Athabascan Indian language Dena’ina. It’s the name by which Alaska’s Mt. McKinley was originally known by Native Americans and is the name most commonly used for that mountain in Alaska today.

• One reason manufacturers are naming new models with cryptic alphanumeric designations (G6, XLR, 500) instead of names like Yukon and Denali is that virtually all the usable words are “blocked” — copyrighted. The only recourse is nonsense words (Azera, Escalade, Miata, Sentra) or letters and numbers.
(C)Forbes

10 cars worth waiting for

There are new and redesigned cars coming out all the time. But these look so enticing you should consider holding off on other purchases until you've had a chance to check them out.

Working with Jack Nerad of Kelley Blue Book's KBB.com and Karl Brauer of Edmunds.com, we've selected 10 that might well be worth the wait.

Mid-sized sedan
Chevrolet Malibu
Expected release: Fall 2007
The new Chevrolet Malibu, introduced in January at the Detroit Auto Show, has nothing to do with any Chevrolet Malibu you may have rented in the past. If you're looking at a mid-sized car and you don't have to move now, you'd do well to hang on and check out the Malibu when it becomes available.
This car is bigger, much nicer looking inside and out, and it will drive much better, too. (We know this because we've driven the Saturn Aura, which shares its engineering.)

Outside, the new Malibu looks substantial and attractive. The interior features a sweeping twin-cockpit design inspired by 1950s Corvettes.

General Motors has finally realized that, while people will happily buy boring sedans from Toyota, they will not buy them from GM. So GM has worked hard to improve the quality as well as the emotional appeal of its cars and trucks. The improved designs give you a reason to look and improved quality gives you no reason to turn away.

Available engines will be a 3.6-liter V-6 and a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder. Optional features will include a panoramic sunroof that stretches over both front and back seats.

Large luxury crossover
Buick Enclave

Expected release: On sale
The Enclave will be the third GM vehicle based on the company's new three-row crossover SUV platform. To GM's credit, though, these three don't look like rebadged versions of the same vehicle.
The Saturn Outlook and GMC Acadia are available now. Both are strong performers. The Enclave promises more luxury, nicer amenities and an even quieter ride. Outside, it features sweeping, muscular lines with Buick's trademark fender vents. Inside, the feeling is casual but classy.

It will be powered by a 275-horsepower V6 engine connected to a six-speed automatic transmission.

"I'd suggest that it's a less expensive Audi Q7," said Edmunds.com's Karl Brauer.

Full-sized truck
Toyota Tundra

Expected release: On sale
Toyota's been successful in small trucks for a long time. But big trucks are a different thing altogether. This is traditional American territory.
New entries into this market, especially ones with Japanese names tacked onto their tailgates, face a tough audience. But Toyota comes to market with a truck that, by the numbers, is just as big and tough as anyone's along with a reputation for reliability.

For its part, Toyota boasts engines that include a 260-horsepower V6 and a 271-horsepower V8. The truck's biggest powerplant is a 381-horsepower 5.7-liter aluminum block V8 that comes with a six-speed automatic transmission.

Small luxury SUVs
Land Rover LR2

Expected release: On sale
Land Rover has a deep history building bush-beating safari machines. These days Land Rover is known to most Americans as a suburban black-top crawler, but the ability to tramp off into the deep, dark forest is still key to the brand
That's why the new LR2 will have Terrain Response technology. It allows you to use a single knob to set the SUV for a variety of different conditions. It will also have Gradient Release Control to help drivers manage a steep grade in the unlikely event they encounter one.

The LR2 will be powered by a 230-horsepower, 3.2-liter in-line 6-cylinder engine. It will have a six-speed automatic transmission.

Land Rover's one weak point - but it's a big one - is reliability. Parent company Ford's Lincoln and Mercury brands finished near the top of the most recent J.D. Power vehicle dependability rankings. (Mercury was second only to Lexus.) But Land Rover finished last by a canyon-sized margin.

"People who have them love them," said Jack Nerad of Kelley Blue Book's KBB.com, "but you've got to put up with stuff".

Luxury sedan
Cadillac CTS

Expected release: September 2007
The new CTS has rounder lines and a classier look than the current version. It also has a two-inch wider track than the current CTS. It keeps the prominent vertical headlights and LED taillights with the sharp, blade-like center brake light.
The wider track was required because of a new all-wheel-drive option. That wider stance also allowed designers to give the vehicle a more muscular stance with a lower roofline without compromising headroom.

The CTS's front seats are built on a thin shell that, GM says, provides as much comfort and support as thicker seat while allowing more legroom for rear-seat passengers. Among the options will be a panoramic sunroof covering both front and back seats.

Large luxury sedan
Lexus LS600h L
Expected release: On sale
Toyota added a hybrid system to their Lexus LS sedan to give it the power of a V12 while improving fuel economy. The LS600h L will be priced at about $100,000, the same neighborhood as competing BMW and Mercedes-Benz luxury sedans. (BMW and Mercedes do not make hybrid cars, so by "competing" we're talking about high-end luxury cars
The Lexus LS600h gets a bigger engine than the non-hybrid version, as well. The hybrid's electric motor runs along with 5.0-liter V8 engine. Combined, the gasoline engine and electric motor produce a total of about 430 horsepower. The regular, non-hybrid LS has a 4.6-liter V8 that produces a maximum 380 horsepower.

The Lexus LS600h will also have an Advanced Pre-collision System designed to detect other vehicles or pedestrians in the car's path. It uses two small cameras in the front bumper and another that watches the driver's face. If the system detects that the driver is not watching the road for more than a few seconds when a crash seems about to happen, an alarm sounds, seatbelts tighten and the car's steering and brakes are primed for immediate, quick response.

Compact car
Mitsubishi Lancer
Expected release: On sale
The new Lancer's engine will be a 2.0 liter 4-cylinder unit producing up to 152 horsepower. The standard transmission will be a 5-speed manual. A continuously-variable automatic transmission, Mitsubishi's first, will be optional. Cars equipped with the CVT will also have a six-step manual shift mode.
The Lancer's new "shark nosed" look was inspired by jet fighters.

The body is 50 percent more rigid which allows for a sportier suspension tuning while, at the same time, providing for a smoother ride. The engine is also placed farther back in the car to improve balance and handling.

Luxury convertible
BMW 3-series convertible
Expected release: On sale
The body remains the same, but BMW offers, for the first time, a hard convertible top. Hard-top convertibles have become increasingly popular because they offer the top-down fun of a convertible with the quietness and security of a hard roof when the top is up.
The 3-series' three-piece steel top will open or close in about 20 seconds, the company says. When the roof is up, the "Hofmeister kink," a traditional BMW design cue, is still there around the rear side windows.

The car is expected to cost a little over $40,000.

Entry luxury sedan
Mercedes-Benz C-class

Expected release: August 2007
The new C-class follows the recent redesign of the brand's flagship S-class, giving the car a sharper-edged look. It's also slightly larger, inside and out than the current version.
The C-class will have the active suspension system that Mercedes is now calling "Agility Control." It automatically adjusts the suspension to suit the driver's behavior as well as road conditions. A system with driver-selectable settings will be available later in 2007.

As with the current C-class, the new version will be available in Sport and Luxury versions. In addition to different engine and transmission choices, each version will have a different grille. Luxury versions will get the traditional stand-up hood ornament while sport versions will have the three-pointed star in the center of the grill.

The C-class will have an improved COMAND system for entertainment and navigation similar to the one now used in the company's S-class sedans.

Hybrid sedan
Nissan Altima Hybrid

Expected release: On sale
For its first hybrid vehicle, Nissan licensed technology from Toyota. But the new Altima offers buyers interested in a hybrid car an alternative to Toyota's own Camry hybrid or General Motors' Saturn Aura, with its "mild hybrid" system, due out in the Spring of 2007.
The Altima hybrid will be powered by the same 158-horsepower 2.5 liter 4-cylinder engine as the base non-hybrid Altima but with assistance from a 40-horsepower electric motor. It will have a continuously variable automatic transmission.

Prices will start at $24,400
(C)CNN

Carmakers offered big June discounts

Big Three alone spent a combined $2.6B on sales incentives in the past month, according to industry tracking service.

Automakers deepened the discounts and rebates on offers to U.S. consumers in June from a month earlier, adding incentives to slow-selling minivans and trucks, industry tracking service Edmunds.com said Tuesday.

Edmunds estimated the three Detroit-based automakers spent a combined $2.6 billion on sales incentives in the past month, while Japanese automakers spent $823 million.

All of the six leading automakers offered bigger discounts in June than they had in May with the exception of General Motors Corp., Edmunds said.

In a significant departure from usual practice, the three leading Japanese automakers all stepped up their discounting in the face of slack demand, Edmunds said.

"The competitiveness of the marketplace seems to be catching up with the Japanese heavyweights," Edmunds analyst Jesse Toprak said in a statement.

Toyota Motor Corp. announced in mid-June that it had begun offering rebates of up to $3,500 or interest-free loans for five years on its all-new Tundra pickup truck.

Edmunds estimated that Toyota's average incentive was $1,308 per vehicle in June, up from $1,128 in May.

Chrysler, which has been offering deals for months to support sales of its aging minivan and truck line-ups, had the industry's highest incentives at $3,962 per vehicle in June, up from $3,831 in May, Edmunds said.

Auto sales incentives are widely tracked by analysts as an indication of the relative profitability of competing automakers and the pressure that they face to move inventory.

Automakers do not typically disclose how much they spend on incentives, which can include concessional financing, cash rebates or additional payments to dealers.

Both Ford Motor Co. and GM rolled out end-June summer sales campaigns featuring interest-free financing on a range of vehicles aimed at boosting sales results.

Edmunds estimated that Ford's average incentive spending rose to $3,187 in June from $2,942 in May.

Both GM and Ford headed into the year with a strategy of throttling back on incentive spending as part of a strategy to move away from the kind of blowout sales and volatile results that dogged their results earlier this decade.

Rounding out the six major automakers, Edmunds estimated that Honda Motor Co. had spent an average of $1,397 on incentives in June, from $1,300 in May.

It estimated average incentive spending for Nissan Motor Co. at $2,218, from $1,943 in May.

By segment, the biggest deals were on minivans, which carried an average discount of $3,900, and full-size trucks, which had an average incentive of $3,864, Edmunds said.
(C)CNN

Automakers new rules

Automakers scramble to catch up with changes in consumer behavior. Fortune's Alex Taylor reports how they're dealing with seismic shifts in the business.

In the auto business, where new cars take 36 months or more to move from a designer's inspiration to the dealer showroom, changes can take years to reveal themselves.

At least they used to. These days, seismic events seem to rock the industry on a daily basis. Take the impact of private equity. Now that Cerberus has taken over Chrysler, and financiers are sharpening their pencils for Jaguar and Land Rover, a few far-seeing analysts expect greater innovation and faster decision-making to ripple through the rest of the industry.

Equally big changes are shaping consumer behavior. Recent conversations with import automakers on the West Coast, as well as some surprising announcements by General Motors, suggest that some current business practices are rapidly becoming obsolete. Here are just a few of the new rules.

Toyota is tops. Now everybody pile on.
Long ago, Toyota brand passenger cars passed the Ford and Chevy nameplates to become the number one seller. Now Toyota is poised to become number one in car and truck sales combined. How does "baseball, hot dogs, apple pie and Toyota" roll off your tongue?

What's the price of leadership? People taking potshots at your backside. As soon as Toyota rolled out customer cash and zero percent financing on its new Tundra pickup, a competitor leaked the news to journalists.

Others tried a subtler approach. GM went public what it called "full-size pickup facts" that seemed carefully selected to portray its Chevy and GMC in the best light. So instead of talking about their sales this year, which have improved only modestly despite the rollout of new models, GM chose to herald big improvements from 2003 to 2007 in "Brand image" (up 17 percent) and from 2004 to 2007 in Average Transaction Price (up $2,600 per unit). That's like a baseball player ignoring his lousy batting average and bragging about his sacrifice bunts.

Automakers are radically reshaping the way they approach advertising.
Marketer Jim Farley, who recently took over as head of Lexus, made his name at the Scion division by eschewing print and television advertising in favor of the Internet and other less traditional methods that he hoped would build stronger relationships with potential consumers.

Now General Motors confesses that it is shifting more of its ad dollars into online advertising too. The reason, according to marketing boss Mark LaNeve, is that the Web is more effective in combating the lagging perceptions that continue to dog GM: poor fuel economy, bad quality and high prices.

LaNeve likes the way that digital ads can direct consumers to thousands of pages of information about products, prices and the competition. He sees an even bigger payoff from the potential of immediacy. Since consumers turn to the Web when they are getting serious about buying a new car, advertising there allows GM to get more involved in the shopping process.

The hybrid revolution gathers speed - and Toyota's Prius is way out front.
While Honda announced that it is discontinuing the gasoline-electric version of the Accord because of slow sales, the Toyota Prius continues to defy gravity. Once considered a novelty, the Prius is selling more strongly now than at any time in its seven-year history. Its volume is running at twice the rate of a year ago and Toyota now expects that Prius will outsell every single domestic passenger car nameplate except for the Chevy Impala.

Why the diverging fortunes? Honda was selling added performance in the Accord hybrid, which didn't resonate with consumers the way that better fuel economy does. Besides, the hybrid Accord looked like every other Accord, meaning consumers couldn't get credit for being "green" when they parked it in front of their homes. The Prius, by comparison, can't be confused with anything else.

Celebrities interfere with car sales
Those with long memories can remember Dinah Shore pitching Chevrolets in the 50s and Ricardo Montalban rhapsodizing about Corinthian leather in the Chrysler Cordoba of the 1970s.

Now GM has decided that Tiger Woods, one of the world's best known athletes - and best paid endorsers - is getting in the way of Buick sales. GM is nudging Woods away from pitching Buicks and getting him to appear in ads for OnStar, its telematic service, instead.

LaNeve says the presence of Woods "detracts from the product message." He adds: "We don't want a celebrity at the core of any brand." He didn't mention whether he blames Woods for the fact that that sales of Buick cars are down 21 percent this year.

I guess that means Paris Hilton won't be inking a deal to endorse Hummers anytime soon.
(C)By Alex Taylor III, Fortune senior editor

The sad truth about hybrid cars

Hybrid Cars' Low Impact on Oil Imports
The hundreds of thousands of hybrid cars sold in the United States since their arrival on these shores in 1999 must be putting a dent in oil imports, right? Not quite. Or at least not yet.

According to a report released by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory, fuel efficient electric-gasoline cars like the Toyota (TM) Prius and Honda (HMC) Civic have saved a grand total of 5.5 million barrels of oil over the past eight years. On the other hand, the U.S. was importing 8.5 million barrels of oil a day in 2003 to power cars and light trucks. "Hybrid electric vehicles would have to replace a significant portion of the total light duty vehicle fleet to have an impact on petroleum imports," NREL researchers concluded. The lab calculated gasoline savings based on fuel efficiency data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and reports from hybrid car owners and then used modeling software to calculate how many hybrids were on the road in any given year. Despite the negligible consequence of hybrids on oil imports so far, researchers were optimistic about their potential, noting that hybrid sales have grown 72 percent a year over the past five years and that such vehicles were 45 percent more fuel efficient than similar-sized conventional cars in 2006. "Although the fuel savings from hybrid electric vehicles to date is relatively small compared to the total fuel use, as the technology matures and these numbers increase they can have a significant impact in reducing our overall transportation fuel use,” said NREL senior research engineer Matthew Thornton in a statement. Of course, that impact would be magnified if General Motors (GM), Ford (F) and other U.S. automakers focused less on creating hybrid versions of monster SUVs like the Chevrolet Tahoe and more on developing small and mid-sized hybrids. Or all-electric cars, for that matter.

Diesel VS Hybrid VS Flex-Fuel

Hybrid
Gas/electric hybrids use electric motors to assist a gasoline engine in driving the vehicle. In hybrid cars now on the market, the batteries for the electric motor are charged by the gasoline engine and by power recaptured during slowing and stopping of the vehicle.
Vehicle costs: Adds about $2,000 to $3,000, but hybrid models usually have unrelated additional features making it difficult to assess the cost of the hybrid feature alone.

Efficiency: Increases fuel efficiency by anywhere from 25 to 40 percent compared to vehicles with similar-sized gasoline engines.

Fuel costs: Uses gasoline, so reduces fuel costs to the same degree that it increases fuel efficiency

Performance: Depends on the setup. Can actually boost performance while still increasing fuel efficiency compared to a non-hybrid car. But more performance will mean less efficiency.

Greenhouse gases: In any vehicle, CO2 emissions vary directly with the amount of fuel burned, so hybrid vehicles reduce CO2 emissions to the same degree that fuel efficiency is improved.

Other pollution: Reduces emissions of other pollutants to the same degree that fuel efficiency is improved, assuming hybrid and non-hybrid vehicles are otherwise the same.

The future: General Motors is working on two new plug-in hybrid vehicles, but it has not set a specific timeline. A plug-in hybrid could have its batteries charged by plugging into an electrical outlet as well as by using power generated from an on-board engine. The first GM vehicle would be a plug-in version of the new Saturn Vue Hybrid. The other would be something like the Chevrolet Volt concept car, where the wheels are driven by electricity alone, and an on-board engine is used only for back-up generator power.

Clean diesel
Thanks to new emissions cleaning technologies, you'll be seeing many more diesel-powered vehicles in the U.S. over the next few years. By their very nature, diesel engines offer much better fuel economy than gasoline engines. In Europe, diesels make up about half the market.
Diesels have been scarce in the U.S. because of strict emissions standards that older diesel engines couldn't meet and because of poor consumer perceptions of diesel engines.

Today's diesels don't puff out black foul-smelling smoke like older ones did. Because of other advancements, they don't make those clanging, rattling noises, either.

Ultra-clean diesel fuel, which has greatly reduced sulfur content, is now available at many gas stations. Like unleaded gasoline, this low-sulfur fuel allows for more advanced emissions cleaning technologies.

Diesel engines cost more to produce than gasoline engines, though, and the need for extra emissions cleaning devices adds even more to the cost.

Purchase costs: Adds about $1,000 to $2,000 to vehicle cost. It can be difficult to judge final consumer cost since the diesel engine is often not directly comparable to a gasoline engine available in the same model. Unrelated features may also be included in the diesel version, and car companies don't break out the cost of the engine separately.

Efficiency: Increases fuel efficiency from 12 to 35 percent compared to the same model with a similar-sized gasoline engine.

Fuel costs: Uses ultra-clean diesel fuel, which changes in price independently of gasoline. Right now, diesel costs slightly less per gallon less than gasoline. The engine's greater efficiency also reduces fuel costs substantially.

Performance: If your only experience with diesel engines comes from watching buses and trucks or driving an old diesel car from the 1980s, performance is much better than you think. It is a little different from driving a gasoline-powered vehicle, though. Engine RPMs are lower than with a gasoline engine and the engine sound, while not harsh or noisy, is slightly different, too. But when you step hard on the gas pedal, the turbocharger kicks in quickly. (All modern diesel engines are turbocharged.) With its superior torque - torque gives the pull you feel when accelerating - you'll be surprised how quick a diesel car can be.

Greenhouse gases: In any vehicle, CO2 emissions vary directly with the amount of fuel burned, so diesel reduces CO2 emissions to the degree that fuel efficiency is improved.

Other pollution: Even with cleaner fuels and improvements in emissions controls, modern diesel engines still emit more smog-forming emissions than gasoline engines, particularly nitrous oxide.

The future: By 2010, diesel cars will be held to exactly the same EPA emissions standards as gasoline-powered vehicles. Several car companies say they will make cars to meet those standards.

Flex-fuel vehicles
Flex-fuel vehicles can run on either gasoline or E85, a fuel that's 85 percent ethanol, an alcohol made from fermented plant material (in the U.S., it's usually corn) with 15 percent gasoline. To accept E85, some parts of the engine have to made from materials resistant to the corrosion ethanol can cause.
E85 contains less energy per gallon than gasoline so when sensors in the engine detect that ethanol is being burned they adjust by, among other things, pumping more fuel into the engine. Because of this, vehicles will get about 15 percent lower fuel mileage when burning E85 rather than gasoline.

For now, at least, E85 is almost impossible to find at gas stations outside the central Midwest. Until E85 becomes more widely available, most flex-fuel vehicles will just burn gasoline.

Purchase costs: Adds no cost to the vehicle

Efficiency: When running on gasoline, no difference. When running on ethanol, fuel efficiency is reduced by about 15 percent

Fuel costs: